Support for long-term energy and climate policy making 

Alongside the medium-term assessments, the KEITO project also supported Finland’s long-term climate planning by analysing pathways toward the country’s climate neutrality and net-negative emissions objectives. The analysis contributed to the preparation of the Long-Term Climate Plan under Finland’s Climate Act, examining possible development pathways for the energy system, land use, and broader economy up to 2055.

The long-term scenarios explored how Finland could meet EU and national climate objectives for 2040 and 2050, including emissions reductions of 80–90% compared to 1990 levels and achieving net-negative emissions after 2035. Four contrasting scenarios were developed to capture different societal priorities and policy approaches, including pathways emphasising environmental protection, social equity and behavioural change, technology-driven industrial transformation, or national energy security and self-sufficiency. 

The analysis demonstrates that achieving long-term climate neutrality and net-negative emissions is technically feasible, but requires stronger action than currently reflected in medium-term policies. In particular, the results highlight the importance of strengthening land-use carbon sinks, scaling up technical carbon removals, accelerating electrification across sectors, and coordinating transformations in energy, industry, transport, and agriculture.